Bruises, or contusions, are those familiar discolorations that appear on your skin after an injury. They occur when small blood vessels called capillaries burst due to trauma, causing blood to collect under the skin. While bruises are usually harmless and fade over time, they can sometimes indicate a more serious problem, especially if they appear without a clear cause or don’t heal properly.
When a bruise first forms, it often looks red because of the fresh blood beneath the skin. As the blood loses oxygen, the bruise turns blue or black. Over time, it changes to green and then yellow as the body breaks down the hemoglobin in the blood. This color progression is a normal part of the healing process.
Bruises can occur in different layers of the body, and their location can affect how they feel and heal. Subcutaneous bruises are the most common, forming just under the skin. Periosteal bruises, which occur on the bones, can be particularly painful because the periosteum (the bone’s outer layer) contains nerve endings. Intramuscular bruises happen when blood pools around muscles, potentially affecting their function and causing discomfort.
While most bruises heal on their own, there are times when medical attention is necessary. If your bruises don’t heal, appear frequently without explanation, or are unusually large, it could be a sign of an underlying condition. Additionally, if a bruise is accompanied by a cut, it’s important to monitor the wound carefully. Deep cuts, especially those that won’t stop bleeding, expose bone or tendon, or are caused by animal bites or rusty objects, require immediate medical care. Infections, characterized by fever, swelling, pain, or pus, also need prompt attention.
Head injuries are another concern. If you’ve been hit on the head or ear and experience dizziness, nausea, or fainting, it’s crucial to seek medical help right away. These symptoms could indicate a more serious issue, such as a concussion or internal bleeding.
By understanding when to seek medical help for bruises or cuts, you can prevent complications and ensure proper healing. While most bruises are nothing to worry about, staying vigilant about your health is always a good idea.
